As we pass the one-year mark of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate, causing variant strains to emerge and spread across the globe. Currently, the main coronavirus variants of concern have been identified as originating in Britain, South Africa, Brazil and California. 

COVID-19 vaccines scheduled to be approved at the end of 2020 gave the world hope that the end of the pandemic would soon be a reality. However, the rapid emergence of these new variants threatens to postpone the eagerly anticipated end of this pandemic. 

Public fear generates a concern that the vaccines might be ineffective against the new variants, but these fears may be unwarranted in most cases. The mutations in the variants may cause the virus to spread faster or make people sicker – risks that primarily affect those who remain unvaccinated.

The vaccines will have different success rates with different coronavirus variants, but will nevertheless retain relatively high efficacy in preventing infection and serious illness or hospitalization.

Research is still being collected on the efficacy of the different vaccines against the new strains. A recent study conducted in Israel concerning the Pfizer vaccine efficacy against the British (B.1.1.7) and South African (B.1.35) variants.

The study found that the Pfizer vaccine retained a high efficacy, although a slightly reduced effectiveness against both variants. The B.1.35 variant was found to be more likely to cause breakthrough infections, but these breakthroughs occurred one to two weeks after the second dose, with no breakthroughs occurring after the 14th day of an individual has received the second dose.

The study concludes its findings with the reassuring statement that despite the more frequent breakthrough infections with the variants, continuing with the mass-vaccination of two doses and non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, like masks, can control and contain the spread of the virus.

Culture and History

Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP)

This is one of the classic “must-sees” of São Paulo. The museum has a permanent collection with paintings and sculptures by international artists such as Renoir, Gauguin, Di Cavalcanti, Rafael, Botticelli, Monet, Picasso, Van Gogh and Gainesborough alongside masterpieces by Latin American greats like Diego Rivera, Candido Portinari and Anita Malfatti, but the building itself is also considered a landmark in the history of 20th century architecture.

Museu do Ipiranga

São Paulo has over 100 museums, but there is one that almost every person who resides in that city has been to – the Museu do Ipiranga. Opened in 1895, the museum’s structure was inspired by the Palace of Versailles in France and is home to a series of painting from the colonial period in Brazil. The museum is also known for its beautiful gardens where locals like to spend afternoons. This is not one of the most famous museums in town, but it’s definitely a local favorite.  

Museu do Futebol

I could talk about different museums to visit in São Paulo for forever, so in order to show a little bit of my hometown’s variety the last museum I want to talk about is our soccer museum. The museum shows the history of soccer, Brazilian football legends and the World Cup since its beginning in 1930. It also has radio and movie clips from famous soccer games and even has a whole room dedicated to Brazil’s football “king” Pele.

Food

If you looked up famous restaurants in São Paulo, you would get a variety of places – from well-known chefs to family owned joints. A special thing about Brazil is that we have such a diverse culture that there are so many good places with the same type of food served in different way. Unfortunately, I can’t talk about them all – here’s a list of places you have to eat at in São Paulo.

Mercado Municipal

Farmer’s markets are a big thing in São Paulo and the Mercado Municipal – Municipal Market of São Paulo – is almost a gourmet version of a farmer’s market with many stores selling fish, spices, different types of meat, bread and fruits from all over the world. But the best part is the restaurants. The top three foods you must try at the Municipal Market of São Paulo – also known as “Mercadão,” or big market – are the following:

Mortadella sandwich

With 10.58 ounces of mortadella – a large smoked sausage made of beef, pork and pork fat and seasoned with pepper and garlic – this huge sandwich brings people from all places to try it out. Many people can’t even finish it because of its size.

Codfish ball

Originally from Portugal, the deep fried “bolinho de bacalhau” is also really famous in Brazil. You can find it in almost every bar in Brazil as a snack to eat alongside with your beer, but at the Municipal Market of São Paulo you have codfish balls made with fresh cod in excellent quality.

Pastel

This is basically deep fried dough with filling. In São Paulo you can find the most different types of fillings in “pastel,” but the most common ones at the Municipal Market of São Paulo are mozzarella cheese, ground beef, cod fish and banana with caramel.

Bairro da Liberdade

This is one of the most famous neighborhoods in São Paulo, mostly because of its Asian-inspired theme. Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside Japan and that has a big cultural influence in the “Bairro da Liberdade,” or liberty neighborhood, with light poles like paper lamps, street signs with Japanese writing and Torii gates around the streets. There you can also find multiple Asian restaurants with Japanese, Korean and Chinese food.

Brazilian Barbecue

You can easily find a good barbecue place in Brazil – we even have food carts selling Brazilian barbecue in the streets as if they were hot dogs. But one of the best restaurants is Fogo de Chão – which also has a location in Downtown Kansas City.

Tropical Fruits

The one other thing you must try when you’re in Brazil is our fruits. Being a tropical country, we have a variety of fruits that are always fresh since they’re distributed by local farmers close to the consumer. If at any moment you feel like buying a snack, some fruit will not only be healthier but probably cheaper in Brazil.

Nightlife

São Paulo is also really famous for its nightlife – with options for people in every type of budget. There are many nightclubs with different types of music and bars that you can go to even if you’re not of legal drinking age – in Brazil it’s 18 years old – but still want to hang out with your older friends. Augusta Street during the day is known to be a great place for shopping, but during the night it is known by its nightlife – with clubs, bars and live music venues.

São Paulo has a lot to offer, and I could talk about the different things you can do, see and eat there, but the small list I’ve made here can give an idea of the city’s diversity and its options for all types of adventure.  

On March 29 this year, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, no stranger to controversy, dropped all pretenses of modern democratic norms when he called for a memorializing of the country’s military coup of 1964, in which the armed forces overthrew the constitutionally-legitimate president João Goulart and seized power for themselves.

For 21 years, a ruthless, right-wing military and a sycophant congress held the country in an iron grip. With the suspension of democracy came torture, secret police, state censorship and the supposed disappearance of hundreds of dissidents.

His desire to memorialize the tragedy may in part stem from his seeing something of himself in the takeover. Like the first president of the dictatorship, Castelo Branco, Bolsonaro is in large part only in office because of the politically-motivated imprisonment of Brazil’s previous – and incredibly popular – president, Lula da Silva.

In both instances, social democratic politicians whose political programs were in favor of the poor and oppressed were replaced, whether by the barrel of the gun or by bureaucracy, with an empowered right-wing motivated by little more than base contempt and greed.

Bolsonaro, for his part, has made his position on the dictatorship quite clear, in 2008 stating that “the only mistake of the dictatorship was torturing and not killing.”

If this is not enough to arouse concern in Americans, then perhaps this addition may help: the blood spilled in that coup is, like so much misery in Latin America, in part the responsibility of the United States. The coup of 1964 was just one of many instances in the 20th century wherein the U.S.’s commitment to fighting a cold war “for democracy” – read: American business dominance – led our nation to prop up a brutal, anti-democratic and fascist governments in Latin America. Brazil shares this history with Chile, Guatemala, Argentina and unfortunately numerous other Latin American nations in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Bolsonaro’s decision to memorialize the coup was not met without criticism, but whether the move is a popular one or not, unfortunately, does little to change the fact that the president of a major country will be celebrating a period of terror that the Brazilian people, for decades now, have tried to put behind them.

By even gesturing towards a sense of nostalgia for this dark part of his country’s history, Bolsonaro is solidifying his place among a class of international leaders today who are – let’s be frank here – fascists, or at the very least capture the support of such ilk. Call it Bolsonaro, Netanyahu, Duterte, Orban, Erdogan or Trump if you like, the stench remains the same.

What is to be done when our governments memorialize brutality in the name of patriotism? The concepts are not unacquainted with our own country – the increasingly out of fashion Columbus Day immediately comes to mind. In that case, rather than continue to give the genociders who “discovered” the Americas further glory, today we recognize that particular world-historic event with more nuance – memorializing and giving credit to the indigenous people of the Western Hemisphere who suffered, died and survived to keep their history alive in the face of ethnic and cultural extermination.

It’s no use to say “Columbus never should have come here,” he did and we live with the consequences of that. But a refusal to dwell on the tragedy of the past does not mean we need to accept the genociders’ terms in perpetuum.

A similar path will have to be taken here as well. Bolsonaro may declare today, tomorrow or the whole calendar year in memoriam of 1964 if he so likes. There is nothing in that arrangement which compels the Brazilian people, or their allies worldwide, to think even a positive thought towards the dictatorship of the past, or of his brand of “democracy” today.

The past is not something which we may sweep aside easily, to ignore the brutality of the past would be just as ahistoric and desecrating to the memory of all those who perished as it would be to take Bolsonaro’s position on the matter.

The nationalists and the bigots around the world are having a moment right now, but for Bolsonaro – who at this time holds an approval rating of about 30 percent – things aren’t looking so rosy. From here, it’s the job of the Brazilian people and their allies internationally to oppose this clown.

In closing, free Lula, get rid of Bolsonaro.

A large, inflatable doll of presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro, with the National Social Liberal Party, stands during a rally along Paulista Avenue in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Sept. 30, 2018. Photo courtesy of AP Photo/Andre Penner.

Brazil had its presidential elections Oct. 28 and the whole world was watching to see if Brazilians would elect the candidate compared to Donald Trump or the same political party that has been voted in for the last four elections. This was the second round of the presidential elections, the first round was held Oct. 7.

The political system in Brazil is distinctly different from that in the United States:

Citizens between the ages of 18 and 70 years old are required by law to vote in every election, from municipal to federal elections. At the age of 16, you have the option to vote and after 70 years old it is also optional. If any citizen fails to fulfill their duty they may face consequences, as they can be prevented from obtaining passports, taking out loans from public banks and/or enrolling in a public education institution – which is a significant restriction because the best universities in Brazil are public.  

Workers test electronic ballots in Brasilia, Brazil. Photo courtesy of Ueslei Marcelino/Reuters.

Brazil is Latin America’s largest democracy, and politics can get quite messy – especially when citizens have to elect a new president, 27 governors, 54 senators (two-thirds of the Senate), 513 federal deputies and 1,059 state deputies all on the same Sunday. Brazilians can choose politicians from 32 officially registered parties. But despite this broad number of options, the same group of five parties dominate the national political landscape.

The issue here is that Brazilians have been in disbelief over their  political system for a while. With many corruption scandals, currently with its eighth constitution, two impeachments and too many dirty politicians to count, many feel too discouraged to vote. This led to 10,313,159 blank/null votes on this year’s election, which means that over ten million people decided to not choose a president.

On Oct. 7 Brazilians had 13 options for the presidential position, but in the polls before the election, people mostly focused on eight of those candidates – Alckmin (PSDB), Amoêdo (NOVO), Bolsonaro (PSL), Dias (PODE), Gomes (PDT), Haddad (PT), Meirelles (MDB) and Silva (REDE). After the votes had been tallied, Bolsonaro had 46 percent of the vote, compared to Haddad’s 29 percent which was the second highest.

Things started to get complicated when the two still running candidates were Tropical Trump and a politician affiliated with one of the two political parties involved in the biggest corruption scandal in history. With such polemic candidates, the chance to vote became the responsibility to empower the lesser of two evils.=

The Brazilian population is anxious for change, with nearly 13 million people unemployed, homicides reaching record levels and rapid expansion of the country’s biggest gang, Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) as it battles with rivals over drug routes. To many, the state of the country seems dire.

Such distress is one of the arguments against Haddad, who is a member of the party that has been in power during such problems. Numbers like that made people ignore some of the infamous quotes from Bolsonaro like: “[the] mistake of the dictatorship was torturing and not killing,” “I won’t rape you because you’re not worth it” and “[women] must earn a lower wage because they get pregnant.”

Protesters hold up posters comparing Bolsonaro to Hitler. Photo courtesy of CNN en Español

Even with his questionable morale, Bolsonaro still represented an opportunity for a different and better future for many. On the other hand, Haddad’s affiliation to a party infamous for their corruption and mismanagement prevented many from voting for him.

In the end, the opposition to PT – the workers’ party – and the hope for a change under a new administration led to Bolsonaro winning the second round of elections with 55 percent of the vote.

Response on the Right:

Athos Brocker de Morais, first-year business administration major and Brazilian student, offered his opinion on the positives of the election of Bolsonaro:

I believe that Brazil’s current situation calls for a more honest president – someone with strategies opposite to the ones implemented by PT (Brazil’s workers’ party) over the last 16 years of their government.

Bolsonaro is far from being the ideal candidate – he has no preparation and has basically no temperament to deal with minorities. However, your ordinary Brazilian is beyond done with PT and their false socialist moralism preached.

Bolsonaro’s victory shows how desperate Brazilians are. When it comes down to choosing between and anything else, it doesn’t matter the opponent’s character, their graduation history nor their conduct. The next four years are going to be turbulent, but the Donald Trump affect, the conservative wave, will bear its good fruit.

Response on the Left:

Thiago Braga, first-year business administration major and Brazilian student also offered his opinion on the failures of Bolsonaro’s eleciton:

The 2018 [Brazilian] presidential elections were decided not by the support and dedication of the community to the  candidates, but by the strong opposition a group had for a certain candidate. The infamous Jair Bolsonaro, winner of the 2018 elections, counted on many advantages, but his biggest virtue was the support from a considerable portion of the Brazilian population that was looking for their manumission from the PT’s (workers’ party) government, that had already been in power for more than a decade. However, the recently elected president doesn’t have the most human aspect a person can have: compassion. Jair Bolsonaro does not only lack the respect for minorities, but also is also a threat to those groups.

On the other hand, the candidate from the PT party didn’t have any qualities to well govern Brazil. All he had was a political campaign linked to the former president Lula, a convict with a dirty politician reputation and involved in many corruption scandals. Nonetheless, he [Haddad] supports minorities and human rights. His lack of qualities doesn’t matter when he’s running against someone that lacks respect for others. That’s why it is such a shame that our election was between two terrible candidates. And it’s a even bigger shame that the winner is a maniac who lacks respect for human beings. Brazil would be better off with a president with no governability linked to a failed party than a madman.

Bruna Kuntz, a Brazilian citizen and resident, also said:

Bolsonaro’s participation on the presidential run brought up quite a lot of the hostility buried by Brazil’s ignorance; wounds not healed because of the lack of dialogue. The chauvinism, misogyny, homophobia, xenophobia, transphobia, violence and political, cultural and economical ignorance that he [Bolsonaro] carried on his speeches was used as fuel to feed the hate and prejudice rooted in the Brazilian history. His election legitimized hate speech, what kills millions on Brazil. What the future holds for the minorities can only be guessed by looking into the past. If we bring back outdated concepts, how can we expect a different future?